Criminal Law

Coverage Map

16 topics

• Statement & InterrogationIn Preparation

  A statement is taken from a suspect before the police or prosecutor, while questioning refers to a defendant being heard before a judge or court. The right to have defence counsel present applies at both stages and directly shapes the course of the defence.

• Your Rights During Custody and Questioning
• Pre-trial DetentionIn Preparation

  Pre-trial detention is a protective measure fully restricting liberty, applied where there is a risk of flight or evidence tampering. It can be challenged by objection, and the support of defence counsel is important throughout the process.

• Judicial ControlIn Preparation

  Judicial control is a protective measure applied as an alternative to detention, allowing the suspect to continue their daily life. It can take various forms, such as a travel ban or a reporting obligation.

• InvestigationIn Preparation

  The investigation is the evidence-gathering stage conducted by the prosecutor, running from the point a suspected offence becomes known until the indictment is accepted. Protecting the suspect's rights at this stage directly shapes the course of the subsequent trial.

• ProsecutionIn Preparation

  Prosecution is the trial stage that begins once the court accepts the indictment, during which hearings take place. The parties present their evidence at this stage, and defence strategy has a direct bearing on the outcome.

• Court of AppealIn Preparation

  Appeal is the remedy by which a first-instance judgment is re-examined by the Regional Court of Appeal, both on the facts and the law. Because the time limit is short and strict, filing promptly is critical.

• CassationIn Preparation

  Cassation is the final remedy by which the Court of Cassation reviews decisions of the Regional Court of Appeal solely for compliance with the law. It generally does not reassess the facts, but examines whether the legal rules were correctly applied.

• Insult (Defamation)In Preparation

  The offence of insult is committed through a concrete act or statement that offends a person's honour, dignity or reputation. Whether the offence has occurred is assessed according to the context of the statement and the circumstances of the case.

• FraudIn Preparation

  Fraud consists of deceiving a person through fraudulent conduct to obtain an unlawful benefit for oneself or another. The presence of aggravating circumstances directly affects the severity of the penalty.

• Breach of TrustIn Preparation

  Breach of trust occurs when a person entrusted with property for safekeeping or a specific use transfers it for their own or another's benefit. It is a common offence in commercial relationships and agency arrangements.

• ThreatIn Preparation

  The offence of threat is committed by informing a person that harm will be inflicted on their life, bodily integrity or sexual inviolability, or that of a relative. The means used and the nature of the threat determine the aggravating factors of the offence.

• Bodily InjuryIn Preparation

  The offence of bodily injury is committed through acts that cause pain to a person's body or impair their health or perception. The presence of intent or negligence, together with the severity of the injury, directly affects the applicable penalty.

• Drug OffencesIn Preparation

  Drug offences form a broad category covering acts of varying severity, from personal use to manufacture and trafficking. The distinction between use and trafficking fundamentally changes the applicable sanction.

• CybercrimeIn Preparation

  Cybercrime encompasses technology-driven acts such as unlawful access to computer systems, data manipulation, or misuse of bank or credit cards. Because the evidence is digital in nature, these cases require an early and technically informed defence strategy.

• Offences Against PropertyIn Preparation

  Offences against property refer to a broad group of crimes targeting a person's economic assets, such as theft, robbery and criminal damage. The manner in which the act is committed and the nature of the harm determine which offence applies.